Common Thyroid Disorders

1. Hypothyroidism – When the thyroid produces too little hormone, leading to fatigue, weight gain, and dry skin.

2. Hyperthyroidism – When too much hormone is produced, causing weight loss, anxiety, and rapid heartbeat.

3. Goiter – Enlargement of the thyroid gland.

4. Thyroid nodules – Lumps that may form within the gland, usually harmless but sometimes requiring further evaluation.

Symptoms of Thyroid Issues

• Unexplained weight changes

• Fatigue or restlessness

• Swelling in the neck

• Mood changes or sleep disturbances

• Irregular heartbeat

Diagnosis

Doctors use blood tests (TSH, T3, T4 levels), ultrasound scans, or biopsies to check thyroid function and detect abnormalities.

Treatment Options

• Medication – Thyroid hormone replacement or medicines to control hormone production.

• Radioactive iodine therapy – Used in some hyperthyroidism cases.

• Surgery (Thyroidectomy) – For large goiters, nodules, or suspected cancer.

Conclusion

The thyroid may be small, but it has a big impact on health. Regular check-ups and timely treatment help keep thyroid-related conditions under control and improve quality of life.